Music in an Emergent History of Psychology.

From a historical perspective, 'psychology' can be studied from an abundance of angels. Thus, a selected perspective requires some historiographical reflections, but also a conscious awareness of the actual chosen terms that are at stake. In this study, the historiographical perspective follows an emergent understanding of the history, which implies that the actual chosen terms are dynamically contributing to a web of terms, in which all of them may change in more or less unpredictable directions. In line with this, the aspect of music is consciously chosen, as it probably is one of the most ignored aspects of psychology in historical research. Thus, the findings in this study reveal that music as the 'direct factor' played an overarching role in the nineteenth centuries experimental psychology, but also that the changes in the understanding of music in the early sixteenth century is comparable with the changes the understanding of the soul underwent along with the introduction of the neologism 'psychology'. In the understanding of both music and the soul the sensational aspects replaced the mathematical.

The neglected object: A history of the concept of dreams in Polish psychiatry and psychology in the interwar period, 1918-1939.

The development of the concept of dreams in interwar Polish psychiatry and psychology was influenced by Western European concepts as well as by sociocultural factors of the newly independent state. Few Polish psychiatrists addressed the subject of dreams. They were influenced mainly by Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic concept of dreams, but also by Alferd Adler's, Carl Gustav Jung's, and Wilhelm Stekel's ideas. Nevertheless, they approached psychoanalysis critically. The most comprehensive concept of dreams in Polish psychiatry was oneiroanalysis by Tadeusz Bilikiewicz. Oneironalysis was a method of dream analysis based on psychoanalysis but it rejected the psychoanalytic method of free associations and challenged psychoanalytic approaches to the interpretation of dream symbols. Polish psychologists were even less interested in dreams than psychiatrists. Problems with dreams, the most elaborate psychological work by Stefan Szuman consisted of an outline of epistemological problems with general theories of dreams and a harsh critique of psychoanalysis. The neglect of the subject of dreams in Polish psychiatric society can be seen as connected with the social and professional reception of psychoanalysis in Poland. Psychoanalysis was met with opposition from conservative scholars and publicists presenting nationalistic and anti-Semitic attitudes. It was also criticized by the biologically oriented majority of psychiatrists of the Polish Psychiatric Association. In the case of psychology, the most influential Polish psychological school, Lvov-Warsaw School, promoted Brentanian intentionalism, introspection, and psychology of consciousness, therefore, leading to psychologists' reluctance to explore unconscious states like dreams.

Reception of experimental pedagogy and psychology in Chile. Analysis of the intellectual influences of Wilhelm Mann, 1904-1915.

This article provides a detailed analysis of the intellectual research project of Wilhelm Mann, one of the pioneers of experimental and educational psychology in Chile. Mann's work has been the object of so little analysis that his intellectual influences and networks are not clearly known. We analyzed 338 intratext citations from 22 works by Wilhelm Mann published during the period 1904-1915. As a result, we obtained a mapping of his cooperation networks and used a quantitative approach to study the authors who most influenced his career, among whom were William Stern, Herbert Spencer, Wilhelm Wundt, Alfred Binet, and Ernst Meumann. Mann was closely connected to the international and contemporary advances and discussions of his time, despite the lack of infrastructure and difficulties in communication. Mann was the first psychologist to develop a long-term project in Chile that aimed to measure the individualities of Chilean students and their intellectual development.

Contexts and Scientific Production of Six Eminent Women Psychologists in the 20th Century.

The inclusion of women psychologists in arenas of academic and professional recognition has been a slow and often invisible process. This study seeks to highlight the scientific contributions of six women psychologists classified as eminent during the twentieth century (Haggbloom et al., Review of General Psychology, 6(2), 139-152, 2002) and the contexts in which they developed. Applying a historiographic and bibliometric approach, we analyzed biographical data and scientific contributions by reviewing the Web of Science, Scopus and APA PsycNet databases. The results show the broad contributions of the six psychologists to the field of psychology in the areas of experimental psychology, childhood and memory. We discuss the importance of rendering visible and overcoming the epistemic injustices to which women in psychology are subject, as well as the resistance and strategies many of them used to confront the structural limitations of this environment.

Beyond the Modernist Project: A Decolonial Turn in the History of Psychology.

In this article, the authors argue for a decolonial history of psychology that will assist in the creation of psychologies (and their histories) that are true to place and time. We briefly place contemporary history of psychology as being of service to hegemonic psychology, which has continued to enforce a coloniality of being, knowing, and doing. We outline some of its limitations in regard to individualism, neoliberalism, and the ideologies of the market. In contrast, we articulate a way to begin to reconceptualize a psychology and its history that may serve to honor and respect multiple ways of knowing and being. We offer examples of emergent approaches that are being created that are non-dualistic, non-WEIRD, and focused on lived experiences in particular places and settings. The authors are mindful of the limitations of offering superabundant examples of each point due to the length constraints that accompanied the invitation to submit this manuscript. We encourage interested readers to explore the references for additional nuances and examples of the main points.

Integración y consolidación disciplinar en la biología y la psicología. Una perspectiva comparada / Disciplinary Integration and consolidation in Biology and Psychology. A comparative Approach

Resumen En su proceso de definición y consolidación, las ciencias de la vida se enfrentaron con la dicotomía sobre si la mejor manera de aproximarse a su objeto de estudio era seguir el modelo de la física -considerado el modelo científico por excelencia- o desligarse de este. La manera en la que este debate se decantó en cada disciplina tuvo consecuencias en el desarrollo posterior y en los alcances epistemológicos de las nuevas ciencias en consolidación. La comparación de la manera en la que se dio este debate en la biología y la psicología resulta relevante para entender la trayectoria de estas ciencias y sus posibilidades de integración disciplinar: la biología consiguió la unificación disciplinar integrándose alrededor de la teoría evolutiva, mientras que la psicología no consiguió exitosamente esa integración. Esto fue en parte por el intento de conectarse con las ciencias naturales a través de la fisiología, lo que, además, supuso un obstáculo para la comprensión e integración del principio unificador de la biología.

Abstract During the XIX century, different sciences were structured or consolidated in their modern form. Until then, biology, earth sciences, social sciences, and even physics, chemistry, and mathematics did not exist as autonomous disciplines as we know them today. In that century, the notion of "science" was utterly separated from natural philosophy, theology, and other forms of traditional knowledge. The consolidation of scientific disciplines was characterized by deep debates on the possibilities and methods of knowing the natural and human worlds. In their process of consolidation, all life sciences faced a dichotomy related to the best way to approach their object of study: should they follow the model of physics -considered the scientific model par excellence- or not take that model into account? This dichotomy provoked intense debates in all disciplines. The way this debate was resolved had lasting consequences in the subsequent development and the epistemological scope of the new sciences in consolidation. Comparing how this debate took place in biology and psychology is relevant to understanding the disciplinary trajectory followed by each science and the possibilities of integration in each field of knowledge. There is a generalized assumption in the history of psychology that the experimental paradigm adopted extensively in psychology at the end of the XIX century would have placed the discipline under the scientific status of natural sciences. However, in biology and psychology, there was a tension between a physiological-experimental paradigm and a historical-evolutionary paradigm. Understanding those debates within biology, and the comprehension of how biology achieved its disciplinary integration, shows why the experimental connection of psychology with physiology did not mean an explicit connection with the whole of the natural sciences. Disciplinary integration in biology was possible because of adopting the evolutionary principle under a historic paradigm instead of a physical-chemical one. That is why the experimental connection of psychology with physiology eventually became an obstacle for psychology in adopting the unifying principle of biology, the Theory of Evolution, as their basis for disciplinary integration. The first part of this article describes how two branches emerged in the process of consolidation of biology: physiological-experimental and historical-evolutionary. Each one had a different approach to its object of study, but both were necessary to form what is now modern biology. The second part focuses on unifying biology as a field of scientific knowledge, bringing the two branches of this science together under the evolutionary paradigm. The third part outlines the central debates in the consolidation of psychology as a scientific discipline at the end of the XIX century and the beginning of the 20th century. It introduces implications of how these debates on knowledge in psychology developed, as opposed to how it happened in biology. Finally, the difficulties of psychology connecting with the theory of evolution are addressed, as are the impossibility of integrating the different branches of the discipline.

Historical Development of Political-Critical Thinking in Colombian Psychology / Desarrollo Histórico del Pensamiento Político-Crítico en la Psicología Colombiana

Abstract The study traces the historical elements that have influenced the development of political-critical thinking in Colombian Psychology. Four historical periods have been identified and discussed: The intellectual colonialism of Colombian Psychology (1947-1960); the social Psychiatry in the years of La comisión [The commission] (1961-1980); the community Psychology and the coexistence (1980-1991); and the psychosocial studies after recent peace processes between government and armed groups (1991-2018). Colombian political Psychology did not follow a homogeneous and linear development. The reality experienced by Colombians during more than five decades of armed conflict required Psychology to abandon the direct paths of politics and opt for psychosocial studies that promise to be the most radical heirs of a generation of Latin American critical thinking as represented by Ignacio Martín-Baró, Maritza Montero and Silvia Lane.

Resumen El estudio rastrea los elementos históricos que han influido en el desarrollo del pensamiento político-crítico en la psicología colombiana. Se identifican y discuten cuatro periodos históricos: el colonialismo intelectual de la psicología colombiana (1947-1960); la psiquiatría social en los años de La Comisión (1961-1980); la psicología comunitaria y la convivencia (1980-1991); y, finalmente, los estudios psicosociales tras los recientes procesos de paz entre el Gobierno y los grupos armados (1991-2018). La psicología política colombiana no siguió un desarrollo homogéneo y lineal. La realidad vivida por los colombianos durante más de cinco décadas de conflicto armado exigió que la psicología abandonara los caminos directos de la política y optara por los estudios psicosociales que prometen ser los herederos más radicales de una generación de pensamiento crítico latinoamericano representada por Ignacio Martín-Baró, Maritza Montero y Silvia Lane.

The origin of the phrase comparative psychology: an historical overview.

Comparative psychology, in its narrow meaning, refers to the study of the similarities and differences in the psychology and behavior of different species. In a broader meaning, it includes comparisons between different biological and socio-cultural groups, such as species, sexes, developmental stages, ages, and ethnicities. This broader meaning originated by extension from the former narrow meaning, which historically was the original meaning of the phrase (interspecies psychological and behavioral comparisons) and which still today is the focus of the field. Currently, comparative psychology is a subject of study in hundreds of universities all over the world. Nevertheless, a question that is often asked but seldom answered is: when did the phrase comparative psychology first appear and where did it come from? In the present work, we tracked down the origins of the phrase comparative psychology. In order to do so, at first we described the origin of the word psychology, coined in the decade 1510-1520 in the Republic of Venice by Dalmatian Renaissance humanist Marko Marulic Splicanin (1450-1524). Then, to explain where, within the phrase comparative psychology, the term comparative came from, we outlined the origin of the use of the word comparative in reference to interspecies comparisons. Finally, we reported the origin of the combination of the words comparative and psychology to form the phrase comparative psychology, the first usage of which was in 1778 by German scholar Michael Hissmann (1752-1784) from the University of Göttingen. Origins of the phrase in Latin, German, French and English languages are described.

Albores de la Psicología Formal en Puerto Rico: Pléyade de Influencias (1900-1934) / O Alvorecer da Psicologia acadêmica em Porto Rico: Plêiade de Influencias (1900-1934) / Dawn of Formal Psychology in Puerto Rico: Pleiad of Influences (1900-1934)

Este artículo presenta las biografías de nueve profesionales que contribuyeron al desarrollo de la Psicología en Puerto Rico y que se incluyen en la The Palgrave Biographical Encyclopedia of Psychology in Latin America editada por Ana Jacó-Vilela, Hugo Klappenbach y Rubén Ardila y que proyecta publicarse en 2023. La contribución de Puerto Rico a esta Enciclopedia incluye biografías de 54 profesionales de la Psicología, que sentaron los cimientos para la formación académica de la Psicología en el país. La búsqueda de estos profesionales empezó en el siglo XX con el desarrollo de la enseñanza universitaria de la Psicología en Puerto Rico en 1900, con la fundación de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, la primera universidad formal establecida en Puerto Rico. Se presentan pinceladas de las vidas de nueve profesores/as universitarios/as de Psicología pioneros/as, sus formaciones académicas, las profesiones en las que se formaron y se desempeñaron y las múltiples perspectivas teóricas y visiones que trajeron a la Psicología. Los psicólogos y psicólogas que incluyo en este artículo son: Domingo Rubio Arana, Charles W. St. John, Juan B. Soto, Fred C. Walters, Malvina Monefeldt, Alfredo Silva Cofresí, Néstor I. Vincenty, Ana María O'Neill y Teobaldo Casanova.

Este artigo apresenta as biografias de nove profissionais que contribuíram ao desenvolvimento da Psicologia em Porto Rico e que fazem parte da The Palgrave Biographical Encyclopedia of Psychology in Latin America, organizada por Ana Maria Jacó-Vilela, Hugo Klappenbach y Rubén Ardila, com publicação planejada para 2023. A contribuição de Porto Rico a esta Enciclopédia inclui biografias de 54 profissionais que forneceram a base para a formação acadêmica em Psicología no país. A pesquisa por estes profissionais teve início ainda no século XX, com o desenvolvimento do ensino universitário de Psicologia no país em 1900, com a fundação da Universidad de Puerto Rico, a primeira universidade criada no país. São apresentados alguns dados das trajetórias de nove professores/as universitários/as pioneiros/as, suas formações acadêmicas, as profissões em que se formaram e atuaram e as múltiplas perspectivas teóricas e visões que trouxeram para a Psicologia. Os psicólogos e psicólogas que incluí neste artigo são: Domingo Rubio Arana, Charles W. St. John, Juan B. Soto, Fred C. Walters, Malvina Monefeldt, Alfredo Silva Cofresí, Néstor I. Vincenty, Ana María O'Neill e Teobaldo Casanova.

This article presents the biographies of nine professionals who contributed to the development of Psychology in Puerto Rico and that are included in The Palgrave Biographical Encyclopedia of Psychology in Latin America, edited by Ana Jacó-Vilela, Hugo Klappenbach y Rubén Ardila, the whose projected publication is for 2023. The Puerto Rican contribution includes the biographies of 54 professionals that contributed to the academic development of Psychology in Puerto Rico. The search for these pioneers started at the beginning of the Twentieth Century, with the development of the University of Puerto Rico, our first university, founded in 1900. The article presents biographical sketches of the lives of these nine pioneer university professors, their academic formations, their professions, their multiple theoretical perspectives, and the visions that they brought to Psychology. The professionals included in this article are: Domingo Rubio Arana, Charles W. St. John, Juan B. Soto, Fred C. Walters, Malvina Monefeldt, Alfredo Silva Cofresí, Néstor I. Vincenty, Ana María O'Neill and Teobaldo Casanova.

Making Psychology "Count": On the Mathematization of Psychology.

Beginning in the late 18th century and continuing through to the mid-20th century, a movement was undertaken by psychology's pioneers to establish a mathematical basis for research modeled after the physical sciences. It is argued that this movement arose through sociopolitical pressures to legitimize psychology as an independent discipline; demarcate its disciplinary boundaries within academia; and distinguish psychology from philosophy and spiritualism. It is argued that an ahistorical view of how the quantitative paradigm gained ascendancy leaves it largely unquestioned and unchallenged within mainstream psychology. Because of this, qualitative research has endured a long and continuing struggle to gain disciplinary recognition and epistemological parity. It is proposed that despite being sidelined by decades of quantitative hegemony, qualitative research has a long history in psychology and in the last 40 years has continued to prove itself as a necessary and valuable contributor to research in psychology.

Development of psychology in Bulgaria after the political changes in 1989.

This article outlines the significant organizational and scientific changes that occurred in Bulgarian psychology after the fall of the totalitarian regime in 1989. These included the establishment of new university and research centers in psychology, the abolition of ideological censorship in psychology publications, free choice of research methodology and methods, free communication, and exchange of ideas with foreign psychologists, and the development of psychoanalytic practice and psychological services. The liberalization of the social conditions for the development of science, in general, made psychology a much sought-after science and practice. In this time of social transition, its authority grew significantly due to the fact that its calling was to study and solve, above all, the problems of the people, especially as they were faced with new social conditions. In the last 30 years, psychological science in Bulgaria has been significantly humanized. These changes allowed scientists to propose new methodological approaches not only to the study of the psyche, but also to the study of both Bulgarian and foreign history of psychology. Although in the last 30 years not all measures taken in the institutional management of the psychological science were positive, Bulgarian psychology was given a new opportunity to join the international scientific community.

A brief history of Romanian psychology.

The evolution of Romanian psychology followed several stages, similarly to other countries in Eastern Europe, yet with its own particularities. The first psychology institutes were introduced by former students of Wilhelm Wundt, and the field saw a rapid development, with distinguished scholars making relevant scientific contributions. However, after the communist regime was enforced, psychology stagnated somewhat due to ideological, financial, and political reasons, and, in 1977, it was even removed from academia. After 1989, psychology revived in academia and research, and as a profession as well. This article summarizes the evolution of Romanian psychology through these stages, focusing on its postcommunist revival.

Psychology and the fall of Communism: The special case of (East) Germany.

The fall of Communism is now universally agreed to be what the philosopher Hegel called a world historical event-one that few predicted but nearly everyone saw as inevitable after it happened. In the aftermath many lives-and worldviews-changed, not only, but also in the human sciences. These remarks attempt to address in a preliminary way both the impact of the fall of Communism on psychology in former East Germany (including changes in personnel and approach) and the ways in which these sciences were employed as resources for reflection on the Communist past as well as the transition to new social and political regimes.

Entrevista con la profesora Dra. Marilda Gonçalves Dias Facci / Entrevista com a professora dra. marilda gonçalves dias facci / Interview with the phd marilda gonçalves dias facci

A entrevista realizada com a presidente da Associação Brasileira de Psicologia Escolar e Educacional - ABRAPEE, Profa. Dra. Marilda Gonçalves Dias Facci, teve como objetivo a compreensão da trajetória trilhada pela professora na área da Psicologia Escolar, bem como as perspectivas deste campo da Psicologia, diante da Lei 13. 935/2019, que insere psicólogas e assistentes sociais na Educação. As questões foram formuladas contemplando o histórico de sua atuação; as conquistas e desafios impostos ao campo da Psicologia Educacional; os diversos âmbitos da atuação profissional nessa área; os impasses para a regulamentação da Lei 13.935/2019; a concepção sobre avaliação psicológica, considerando a teoria Histórico-Cultural e os projetos da atual gestão para o futuro da ABRAPEE. Dra. Marilda tem tido atuação marcante na Coordenação Nacional visando a regulamentação da Lei 13.935/2019 para a efetivação da atuação dos e das profissionais da Psicologia e Serviço Social na educação, em todos os municípios dos estados brasileiros.

En la entrevista realizada con la presidente de la Asociación Brasileña de Psicología Escolar y Educacional - ABRAPEE, Profa. Dra. Marilda Gonçalves Dias Facci, se tuvo el objetivo la comprensión de la trayectoria recorrida por la profesora en el área de la Psicología Escolar, así como las perspectivas de este campo de la psicología, delante de la Ley 13. 935/2019, que introduce psicólogas y asistentes sociales en la educación. Las cuestiones se formularon contemplando el histórico de su actuación; las conquistas y desafíos impuestos al campo de la Psicología Educacional; los distintos ámbitos de la actuación profesional en esa área; los impases para la reglamentación de la Ley 13.935/2019; la concepción sobre evaluación psicológica, considerando la teoría Histórico-Cultural y los proyectos de la actual gestión para el futuro de la ABRAPEE. Dra. Marilda ha tenido actuación destacada en la Coordinación Nacional con la finalidad de lograr la reglamentación de la Ley 13.935/2019 para la efectividad de la actuación de los y de las profesionales de la Psicología y Servicio Social en la educación, en todos los municipios de los estados brasileños.

The interview carried out with the Brazilian Association of School and Educational Psychology - ABRAPEE president, PhD. Marilda Gonçalves Dias Facci, aimed to understand the path taken by the teacher in the School Psychology area, as well as the perspectives of this Psychology field, in light of Law 13. 935/2019, which includes psychologists and social workers in Education. The questions were formulated considering her history work; the achievements and challenges imposed on the field of Educational Psychology; the different areas of professional activity in this area; the challenges in regulating Law 13,935/2019; the psychological assessment conception, considering the Historical-Cultural theory and the current management's projects for the future of ABRAPEE. The PhD. Marilda Gonçalves Dias Facci has had a notable role in the National Coordination aimed at regulating Law 13,935/2019 to implement the work of Psychology and Social Service professionals in Education, in all municipalities in the Brazilian states.

Um capítulo esquecido na história da psicologia? sexualidades desviantes, psicopatologia e normalidade / A forgotten chapter in the history of psychology? deviant sexualities, psychopathology, and normality / ¿Un capítulo olvidado en la historia de la psicología? sexualidades desviadas, psicopatología y normalidad

Este artigo tem como objetivo produzir uma análise histórica sobre as intersecções entre Psicologia e sexualidade desviantes da norma no Brasil, de fins do século XIX a meados da década de 1980. Esta temporalidade foi escolhida por abarcar o surgimento das pesquisas científicas sobre sexualidade e desvios sexuais, a consolidação dos estudos psicológicos sobre a temática e o processo mais recente de despatologização da homossexualidade. Em termos teóricos e metodológicos, foram adotados os pressupostos da História Social da Psicologia e da historiografia das homossexualidades no Brasil. Desse modo, buscou-se compreender como as ideias, concepções e práticas psicológicas foram mudando ao longo do tempo, em conexão com as transformações socioculturais e políticas que ocorreram durante o século XX. Para isto, foram utilizadas fontes primárias e secundárias de pesquisa com vistas à produção de interpretações sobre as conexões entre as ideias, os atores e os eventos narrados. Argumenta-se, ao longo do artigo, que as ideias e práticas psicológicas estão intrinsecamente conectadas aos contextos socioculturais e políticos de seu tempo, sendo os movimentos dinâmicos e os conflitos presentes nesses contextos fatores determinantes para a sua constituição.(AU)

This article aims to produce a historical analysis of the intersections between Psychology and sexualities that deviate from the norm in Brazil, from the late 19th century to the mid-1980s. This period was chosen because it encompasses the emergence of scientific research on sexuality and sexual deviations, the consolidation of psychological studies on the subject and the most recent process of de-pathologization of homosexuality. Theoretically and methodologically, the assumptions of the Social History of Psychology and the historiography of homosexualities in Brazil were adopted. Therefore, we sought to understand how psychological ideas, conceptions and practices have changed over time, in connection with the sociocultural and political transformations that occurred throughout the 20th century. For this, primary and secondary sources of research were used to produce interpretations about the connections between the ideas, the actors and the narrated events. It is argued, throughout the article, that the psychological ideas and practices are intrinsically connected to the sociocultural and political contexts of their time, being the dynamic movements and conflicts present in these contexts determining factors for their constitution.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis histórico de las intersecciones entre la Psicología y las sexualidades desviadas de la norma en Brasil desde finales del siglo XIX hasta mediados de la década de 1980. Esta temporalidad fue elegida por abarcar el surgimiento de las investigaciones científicas sobre sexualidad y desvíos sexuales, la consolidación de los estudios psicológicos sobre el tema y el más reciente proceso de despatologización de la homosexualidad. En el marco teórico y metodológico, se adoptaron los presupuestos de la Historia Social de la Psicología y de la historiografía de las homosexualidades en Brasil. De esta manera, se pretende comprender cómo las ideas, concepciones y prácticas psicológicas han cambiado a lo largo del tiempo, en conexión con las transformaciones socioculturales y políticas ocurridas durante el siglo XX. Para ello, se utilizaron las fuentes de investigación primarias y secundarias con miras a generar interpretaciones sobre las conexiones entre las ideas, los actores y los eventos narrados. Se argumenta, a lo largo de este artículo, que las ideas y las prácticas psicológicas están intrínsecamente conectadas a los contextos socioculturales y políticos de su tiempo, y los movimientos dinámicos y los conflictos presentes en estos contextos fueron los factores determinantes para su constitución.(AU)

Psicologia e Compromisso Social: junção importante, problematização necessária e atual / Psychology and Social Commitment: important unity, required and current problematization / Psychologie et engagement social: unification important, problématisation nécessaire et actuelle / Psicología y Compromiso Social: importante fusión, problematización necesaria y actual

Resumo O artigo tem como objetivo debater o Projeto de "Compromisso Social" da Psicologia (PCSP) brasileira mediante a atual conjuntura. O PCSP advém do processo de lutas históricas da Psicologia a partir dos anos 1970, o que também ocorreu em outras áreas, almejando um saber comprometido com a realidade brasileira e latino-americana, e com sua transformação social. Tais pressupostos exigiram um movimento teórico-político com novas bases metodológicas e ontológicas. Dessa forma, buscamos discorrer sobre algumas de suas limitações e potencialidades: primeiramente, há uma apresentação e contextualização histórica do PCSP para, posteriormente, ser debatido seu atrelamento ao âmbito das políticas sociais. Ancorados na presente conjuntura, de intensificação da barbárie, concluímos sinalizando a necessidade não apenas um compromisso, mas um projeto ético-político de Psicologia vinculado a outro projeto societário.

Abstract The article aims to discuss the "Social Commitment" Project of Brazilian Psychology (PCSP) in the current conjuncture. The PCSP comes from the process of historical battles of Psychology in the 1970s, which also occurred in other areas, aiming for a knowledge committed to Brazilian and Latin American reality, and with its social transformation. Such assumptions demanded a theoretical-political movement with new methodological and ontological bases. Thus, we aim to discuss some of its limitations and potentialities: first, there is a historical presentation and contextualization of the PCSP and, later, a debate about its linkage to the scope of social policies. Anchored in the present situation, of intensifying barbarism, we conclude by signaling the need not only for a social commitment, but for an ethical-political project in Psychology that is oriented and contributes to another societal project

Résumé L'article vise à discuter le Projet « d'Engagement Social ¼ de la Psychologie brésilienne (PCSP) dans la conjoncture actuelle. Le PCSP vient du processus de luttes historiques de la psychologie des années 1970, ce qui a également eu lieu dans d'autres domaines, en visant une connaissance engagée dans la réalité brésilienne et latino-américaine et dans sa transformation sociale. Ces hypothèses ont exigé un mouvement théorique-politique avec de nouvelles bases méthodologiques et ontologiques. Ainsi, nous visons à discuter sur quelques de ses limitations et potentialités: premièrement, il y a une présentation historique et une contextualisation du PCSP et, plus tard, un débat sur son lien avec la portée des politiques sociales. Ancrés dans la conjoncture actuelle de l'intensification de la barbarie, nous concluons en signalant la nécessité non seulement d'un engagement social, mais d'un projet éthico-politique en Psychologie qui s'oriente et contribue à un autre projet de société.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo debatir el Proyecto de "Compromiso Social" de la Psicología (PCSP) brasileña en el contexto actual. El PCSP proviene del proceso de luchas históricas de la Psicología a partir de los años 1970, lo que también ocurrió en otras áreas, anhelando un saber comprometido con la realidad brasileña y latinoamericana, y con su transformación social. Estos supuestos exigieron un movimiento teórico-político con nuevas bases metodológicas y ontológicas. De esta forma, pretendemos discurrir sobre algunas de sus limitaciones y potencialidades: primero, hay una presentación y contextualización histórica del PCSP para, posteriormente, debatir sobre su vinculación al ámbito de las políticas sociales. Anclados en la situación actual, de barbarie cada vez más intensa, concluimos que es necesario no solo un compromiso, sino un proyecto ético-político en Psicología que se oriente y contribuya a otro proyecto social.

La Educación de los Varones Argentinos a Comienzos del Siglo XX: Psicología, Sexualidad y Nación / A Educação dos Rapazes Argentinos no Início do Século XX: Psicologia, Sexualidade e Nação / The Education of Argentinean Males in the Early 20th Century: Psychology, Sexuality and Nation

En el presente artículo se analizan desde una perspectiva histórico-crítica las conceptualizaciones que la psicología ha realizado en las primeras décadas del siglo XX sobre la emergencia de la pubertad y los comportamientos en varones adolescentes en la Argentina. Se incorporan las herramientas procedentes de la historia intelectual para analizar las relaciones entre la producción de conocimiento local y la recepción de teorías psicológicas foráneas. Se examinan los saberes expertos sobre la temática y su articulación con el proyecto socio-cultural y político planteado por los intelectuales y dirigentes del país. La idea de progreso, ligado a ideas naturalistas y evolucionistas formó parte de la matriz de producción de conocimiento sobre la sexualidad en los varones argentinos. Se incluyen distintas dimensiones de análisis como la clasificación de conductas sexuales de los adolescentes varones, el problema del onanismo en la pubertad, el psiquismo de los varones en esta etapa y el rol de las intervenciones médicas y pedagógicas en el establecimiento de los parámetros de normalidad/anormalidad. A su vez, se analizan propuestas específicas sobre educación sexual para los adolescentes argentinos y su relación con proyectos educativos más amplios.

Este artigo analisa, de uma perspectiva histórico-crítica, as conceitualizações feitas pela psicologia nas primeiras décadas do século XX sobre o surgimento da puberdade e do comportamento dos rapazes na Argentina. Ferramentas da história intelectual são incorporadas para analisar as relações entre a produção do conhecimento local e a recepção de teorias psicológicas estrangeiras. Este trabalho examina o conhecimento especializado sobre o assunto e sua articulação com o projeto sociocultural e político proposto por intelectuais e líderes do país. A ideia de progresso, ligada a ideias naturalistas e evolutivas, fazia parte da matriz de produção de conhecimento sobre sexualidade no homem argentino. Estão incluídas diferentes dimensões de análise, tais como a classificação do comportamento sexual em adolescentes, o problema do onanismo na puberdade, a psique dos meninos nesta fase e o papel das intervenções médicas e pedagógicas no estabelecimento dos parâmetros de normalidade/abnormalidade. Ao mesmo tempo, são analisadas propostas específicas sobre educação sexual para adolescentes argentinos e a sua relação com projetos educativos mais vastos.

This article analyses, from a historical-critical perspective, the conceptualizations made by Psychology in the first decades of the 20th century about the emergence of puberty and behaviour in adolescent boys in Argentina. Tools from intellectual history are incorporated to analyse the relationships between the production of local knowledge and the reception of foreign psychological theories. This work examines the specialized knowledge on the subject and its articulation with the socio-cultural and political project proposed by intellectuals and leaders of the country. The idea of progress, linked to naturalistic and evolutionary ideas, formed part of the matrix of knowledge production about sexuality in Argentinean men. Different dimensions of analysis are included, such as the classification of sexual behaviour in adolescent boys, the problem of onanism at puberty, the psyche of boys at this stage and the role of medical and pedagogical interventions in establishing the parameters of normality/abnormality. At the same time, specific proposals on sexual education for Argentinean adolescents are analysed considering its place in a broader context of educational projects.

Psicologia educacional e escolar no "Jornal do Psicólogo" do CRP-MG / Educational and School Psychology in the "Journal of Psychologist" of CRP-MG / Psicología Educativa y Escolar en el "Jornal do Psicólogo" del CRP-MG

O Jornal do Psicólogo (JP) do Conselho Regional de Psicologia de Minas Gerais (CRP-MG) é uma fonte histórica sobre a interface Psicologia e Educação. Este estudo objetivou analisar as referências à Psicologia Educacional e Escolar (PEE) nesse periódico, elencando as citações sobre o profissional dessa área e a Educação brasileira, se essas referências são fundamentadas em pressupostos críticos, e quais são as contribuições veiculadas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e documental, cujo corpus foi constituído por 89 edições do jornal, das quais 35 traziam dados sobre a temática, que foram tratados através da análise de conteúdo. Os artigos selecionados para amostra denotam atuação do psicólogo numa perspectiva institucional e crítica, destacando-se a promoção de eventos, notícias sobre a criação da Associação Brasileira de Psicologia Escolar e Educacional e referência a profissionais mineiros. Os anos de 1999 a 2004 foram os mais produtivos com relação às publicações, corroborando a produção acadêmica crítica em PEE à época. Acredita-se que o decréscimo nos anos seguintes está relacionado à defesa do psicólogo como profissional da saúde. As gestões do CRP-MG influenciam os conteúdos do JP, mas, geralmente, a PEE é menos citada dentre as temáticas, como saúde mental e luta antimanicomial. As referências à Educação são pautadas nos Direitos Humanos e na concepção de escola democrática. O JP cumpre o papel de tratar as práticas do psicólogo na Educação numa perspectiva contrária à atuação individualizante e médico-clínica; porém, carece de uma maior divulgação da PEE a fim de fortalecer a imagem desse profissional como agente de transformação do contexto escolar. (AU)

The CRP-MG Newspaper entitled "Jornal do Psicólogo" (JP) is a historical source on the interface between Psychology and Education. This study aims to analyze the references to Educational and School Psychology (in Portuguese PEE) in this newspaper, listing quotes about the professional in this area and Brazilian Education and if these references are over critical bases: what are the criticisms and contributions conveyed. This is a qualitative and documentary research whose search data consists of 89 editions of the newspaper (35 bring data on the theme) treated through content analysis. The articles show the psychologist's performance in an institutional and critical perspective, highlighting the promotion of events, news about the creation of the Brazilian Association of School and Educational Psychology and the reference to professionals from Minas Gerais that area. From 1999 to 2004 the most productive years in terms of publications, corroborating the critical academic production in PEE at the time. The decrease in the following years is related to the defense of the psychologist as a health professional. The administrations of the CRP influence the contents of the newspaper, but, generally, PEE is less mentioned than other themes, such as mental health and psychiatric reform. References to Education are based on Human Rights and the concept of a democratic school. The newspaper JP fulfills the role of treating the psychologist's practices in Education in a perspective contrary to the individualizing and clinical medical model, however, it needs a greater dissemination of PEE to strengthen this professional as a school context agent of transformation. (AU)

El Periódico del Consejo Regional de Psicología del Estado de Minas Gerais (CRP-MG), llamado "Jornal do Psicólogo" (JP), es una fuente histórica sobre la interfaz Psicología y Educación. El estudio objetiva analizar las referencias a la Psicología Educativa y Escolar (PEE) en este periódico, enumerando las citas sobre el profesional de esta área y la Educación brasileña, cuestionando si estas se basan en supuestos críticos y cuáles son las críticas y sus contribuciones. Es una investigación cualitativa y documental, siendo elementos de investigación 89 ediciones, de las cuales 35 aportan datos sobre el tema, que fueron tratados a través del análisis de contenido. El desempeño del psicólogo se retrata desde una perspectiva institucional y crítica, destacando la promoción de eventos, noticias sobre la creación de la Asociación Brasileña de PEE y la referencia a profesionales de MG que contribuyeron al área. Los años 1999 a 2004 fueron los más productivos en términos de publicaciones, corroborando la producción académica crítica del momento. La disminución en los años siguientes está relacionada con la defensa del psicólogo como profesional de la salud. Las gestiones del CRP influyen en el periódico, pero, en general, la PEE es menos citada que otros temas, como la salud mental y la reforma psiquiátrica. Referencias a la Educación se basan en los Derechos Humanos y en la idea de la escuela democrática. El periódico cumple el papel de tratar las prácticas psicológicas en Educación en una perspectiva contraria a la actuación individualizante y modelo médico clínico, sin embargo, necesita una mayor difusión del PEE para fortalecer la imagen del psicólogo como agente de transformación de la escuela. (AU)

En los márgenes de la normalidad: los niños varones en la Revista de Criminología, Psiquiatría y Medicina Legal (1914-1927) / On the margins of normality: boys in the revista de criminología, psiquiatría y medicina legal [journal of criminology, psychiatry and legal medicine] (1914-1927)

Desde una perspectiva histórico crítica, este trabajo analiza diversos artículos de la Revista de Criminología, Psiquiatría y Medicina Legal publicados entre 1914 y 1927 que se han ocupado de clasificar y establecer un diagnóstico médico legal infantil en la Argentina. A su vez, se articula la perspectiva histórica con un enfoque de género, en tanto se plantean las especificidades presentes para niños varones en tales clasificaciones e intervenciones por parte de los saberes psi de la época. La producción de conocimiento sobre los criminales varones, se piensa como respuesta a múltiples problemas sociales como la delincuencia juvenil, la deambulación en las calles y las posibilidades de una rehabilitación/reeducación temprana. Se recuperan las ideas naturalistas y evolucionistas que funcionaron como una matriz de análisis e intervención en el proceso de difusión de los saberes expertos en la Argentina en el periodo delimitado por este artículo.(AU)

From a critical historical perspective, this paper analyses various articles from the Revista de Criminología, Psiquiatría y Medicina Legal published between 1914 and 1927 that have been concerned with classifying and establishing a medical-legal diagnosis of children in Argentina. At the same time, the historical perspective is articulated with a gender approach, insofar as the specificities present for male children in such classifications and interventions by the psi knowledge of the time are raised. The production of knowledge about male criminals is seen as a response to multiple social problems such as juvenile delinquency, wandering in the streets and the possibilities of early rehabilitation/re-education. This paper also addresses the naturalistic and evolutionary ideas that functioned as a common ground for the analysis and intervention in the process of dissemination of expert knowledge in Argentina.(AU)

Remarkably reproducible psychological (memory) phenomena in the classroom: some evidence for generality from small-N research.

BACKGROUND: Mainstream psychology is experiencing a crisis of confidence. Many of the methodological solutions offered in response have focused largely on statistical alternatives to null hypothesis statistical testing, ignoring nonstatistical remedies that are readily available within psychology; namely, use of small-N designs. In fact, many classic memory studies that have passed the test of replicability used them. That methodological legacy warranted a retrospective look at nonexperimental data to explore the generality of the reported effects. METHOD: Various classroom demonstrations were conducted over multiple semesters in introductory psychology courses with typical, mostly freshman students from a predominantly white private Catholic university in the US Midwest based on classic memory experiments on immediate memory span, chunking, and depth of processing. RESULTS: Students tended to remember 7 ± 2 digits, remembered more digits of π following an attached meaningful story, and remembered more words after elaborative rehearsal than after maintenance rehearsal. These results amount to replications under uncontrolled classroom environments of the classic experiments originally conducted largely outside of null hypothesis statistical testing frameworks. CONCLUSIONS: In light of the ongoing replication crisis in psychology, the results are remarkable and noteworthy, validating these historically important psychological findings. They are testament to the reliability of reproducible effects as the hallmark of empirical findings in science and suggest an alternative approach to commonly proffered solutions to the replication crisis.